Topological Spatial Relation
1991
Point-set topological spatial relations
Max J. Egenhofer et al., IJGIS 1991
- 可能是较早介绍topological spatial relations的论文？GIS，地理信息相关
- 从集合论的角度定义两个物体之间的空间关系
- 符号定义
- 内部Interior：
，is defined to be the union of all 开集 that are contained in ，不包含边界 - 边界Boundary：
，is the intersection of the closure of and the closure of the complement of ，是闭集 - 闭包Closure：
，is defined to be the intersection of all 闭集 that contain ， ，边界和内部不应有交集 ，一个完整的闭集由其内部和边界组成
- 共定义了16种拓扑空间关系(16 binary topological spatial relations)，两个物体（spatial region）间的9种关系
：A和B are disjoint ：A和B are touch ：A equals B ：A insides B或B contains A ：A covered by B或A covers B ：A contains B或B insides A ：A covers B或B covered by A ：A and B overlap with disjoint boundaries ：A and B overlap with intersecting boundaries 
2009
A Reference System for Topological Relations between Compound Spatial Objects
Max J. Egenhofer
- 介绍spatial-relation ontologies
- 和1. Point-set topological spatial relations是同一作者，在此基础上简化状态
- 后续形成了DE-9IM标准（参考：DE-9IM - Wikipedia），称为binary spatial relation或称为spatial predicate
Any topological property based on a DE-9IM binary spatial relation is a spatial predicate. For ease of use “named spatial predicates” have been defined for some common relations, which later became standard predicates.
2013
A Formal Framework for Modeling Topological Relations of Spatial Ontologies
Sana Châabane et al., INTELLI 2013
- 引用了1. Point-set topological spatial relations，将topological relations定义为spatial ontologies
ontology原本是用在知识库领域的词汇，个人不太认同这样的重新定义
